The Risk Factors For Asthma
There are surely reasons or risk factors that predispose you to asthma and respiratory problems. Asthma does not just happen randomly to anyone without asthma risk factors. Let's take a look at some asthma risk factors and see how they increase the chance that a person will have the asthma symptoms of cough, wheezing, and shortness of breath associated with asthma. After determining your personal asthma risk factors, decide on the ones you can control and try to make some lifestyle changes. Avoidance of the risk factors you can control is vital in preventing asthma symptoms. While you cannot change your gender or family history, you can avoid smoking with asthma, breathing polluted air, and obesity. Take control of your asthma by controlling your asthma risk factors. And by understanding all the risk factors, you may be able to prevent or control your asthma.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 1: Gender. Childhood asthma occurs more frequently in boys than in girls. It is unknown why this happens although some experts find a young male's airway size is smaller when compared to the female's airway, which may contribute to increased risk of wheezing after a cold or other viral infection. Around age 20, the ratio of asthma between men and women is the same. At age 40, more females than males have adult asthma.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 2: Family History. Blame Mom or Dad or both for your asthma. Your inherited genetic makeup predisposes you to having asthma. In fact, it is thought that three-fifths of all asthma cases are hereditary. According to a CDC report, if a person has a parent with asthma, he or she is three to six times more likely to develop asthma than someone who does not have a parent with asthma.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 3: Airway Hyperreactivity. It appears that having airway hyperreactivity is another risk factor for asthma, although researchers are not sure why this is true. In asthma, the airways are hyperreactive and become inflamed when they meet such asthma triggers as allergens or cold air. Not all people with airway hyperreactivity develop asthma, but in those who do have it, the airway hyperreactivity appears to increase the risk of asthma.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 4: Atopy. Atopy means allergic hypersensitivity that affects different parts of the body that do not come in contact with allergens, substances that trigger the body's allergic reaction. Atopy can include eczema (atopic dermatitis), allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and asthma. Studies indicate that 40 to 50 percent of children with eczema or atopic dermatitis develop asthma. Some findings indicate that children with atopic dermatitis may have more severe and persistent asthma as adults.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 5: Allergies. Allergies and asthma often coexist. Indoor allergies are a predictor of who might be at risk for an asthma diagnosis. One nationwide study showed levels of bacterial toxins called endotoxins in house dust were directly related to asthma symptoms and use of asthma inhalers, bronchodilators, and other asthma medications. Sources of other indoor allergens include animal proteins (particularly cat and dog allergens), dust mites, cockroaches, and fungi. Changes that have made houses more "energy-efficient" over the years are thought to increase exposure to these causes of asthma, thereby increasing the prevalence of asthma.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 6: Environmental Factors. Indoor air pollution such as cigarette smoke, mold, and noxious fumes from household cleaners and paints can cause allergic reactions and asthma. Environmental factors such as pollution, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ozone, cold temperatures, and high humidity are all known to trigger asthma in susceptible individuals. In fact, asthma symptoms and hospital admissions are greatly increased during periods of heavy air pollution. Ozone is the major destructive ingredient in smog. It causes coughing, shortness of breath, and even chest pain and can boost the susceptibility to infection. Sulfur dioxide, another component of smog, also irritates the airways and constricts the air passages, resulting in asthma attacks. Weather changes can also result in asthma attacks in some people. For instance, cold air causes airway congestion, bronchoconstriction, secretions, and decreased mucuciliary clearance. Increases in humidity may also cause breathing difficulty - in a certain population.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 7: Cigarette Smoke. Several studies confirm that cigarette smoking is linked with an increased risk for developing asthma. There is also evidence that cigarette smoking among adolescents increases the risk of asthma. Even more findings link secondhand smoke exposure with the development of asthma in early life.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 8: Obesity. A review of seven studies revealed that asthma was 38 percent more common in overweight adults (those with a body mass index greater than 25 but less than 30) and nearly twice as common among obese adults (those with a body mass index of 30 or greater). Researchers thought that this risk might be greater for nonallergic asthma than allergic asthma.
Asthma Risk Factor No. 9: Pregnancy Factors. Maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to result in lower pulmonary function in infants compared to those whose mothers did not smoke. Premature birth is also a risk factor for developing asthma.
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